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Question 1.1. What does the principle of uniformitarianism tell us about the past?
(Points : 5)
The past is the key to the future.
The present is the key to the past.
Processes at work in the past were very different than those at work today.
The past has no bearing on the future or present.
Question 2.2. The Atlantic Ocean is expanding. What does this tell us about plates under the Atlantic
Ocean? (Points : 5)
They are being forced apart.
Most likely nothing is happening to the plates.
They are being pressed together.
They are being forced downward.
Question 3.3. The theory of plate tectonics explains the movement of the plates by convection cells in
which of the following layers?
(Points : 5)
crust
upper mantle
inner core
outer core
Question 4.4. Which of the following may occur as two plates slide past each other? (Points : 5)
earthquakes
formation of new oceanic crust
mountain building
volcanoes
Question 5.5. Earthquakes are detected by which of the following?
(Points : 5)
global positioning system
seismograph
Richter scale
barometer
Question 6.6. Which of the following statements about S waves is true? (Points : 5)
S waves arrive at a seismograph station first.
S waves are also called secondary waves.
S waves travel through solids, liquids, and gases.
S waves move in a pulsating motion.
Question 7.7. Why is coal not considered a mineral? (Points : 5)
It does not occur naturally.
It does not have a regular composition.
It is not a solid.
It is organic.
Question 8.8. In a laboratory, you scratch an unknown mineral on a piece of unglazed porcelain. Which
property are you trying to determine? (Points : 5)
luster
fracture
color
streak
Question 9.9. Which of the following best describes an igneous rock that formed from quickly cooling
lava?
(Points : 5)
fine grained
coarse grained
foliated
layered
Question 10.10. How do we classify sedimentary rocks that form from evaporating seawater?
(Points : 5)
clastic
chemical
organic
fossiliferous
Question 11.11. How do metamorphic rocks form? (Points : 5)
weathering and erosion due to water
evaporation of seawater
cooling of magma
change due to heat and pressure
Question 12.12. What must happen to a sedimentary rock if it is to turn into an igneous rock? (Points : 5)
It must break into smaller pieces.
It must melt and then cool again.
It must compact and cement together.
It must undergo heat and pressure.
Question 13.13. Where do hurricanes form?
(Points : 5)
in the upper atmosphere
in thunderstorms
over warm tropical waters
over the Great Lakes
Question 14.14. The sun’s energy hits earth’s surface at the most direct angle at which of the following
locations? (Points : 5)
North Pole
equator
South Pole
30°N or S latitude
Question 15.15. What explains why temperature increases with altitude through the stratosphere?
(Points : 5)
The stratosphere is closest to the sun.
The air molecules are closer together in the upper stratosphere.
The ozone layer is found in the stratosphere.
All layers of the atmosphere increase in temperature with altitude.
Question 16.16. Which gas is the most abundant in earth’s current atmosphere? (Points : 5)
hydrogen
nitrogen
oxygen
carbon dioxide
Question 17.17. In which layer of the atmosphere do most weather patterns occur?
troposphere
stratosphere
mesosphere
(Points : 5)
thermosphere
Question 18.18. Barometers are used to measure which of the following? (Points : 5)
wind speed
humidity
atmospheric pressure
temperature
Question 19.19. How is heat energy transferred if it has direct contact between a warm object and a
cold object? (Points : 5)
conduction
convection
radiation
the sun
Question 20.20. The Coriolis effect is caused by which of the following? (Points : 5)
gravity
radiation from the sun
earth’s revolution
earth’s rotation
Question 21.21. Which of the following characteristics would cause lava to flow relatively easily? (Points :
5)
high gas
low gas
high viscosity
low viscosity
Question 22.22. Which of the following statements is most accurate?
(Points : 5)
Warm air sinks.
Warm air is most often less dense than cold air.
Warm air is most often denser than cold air.
Warm air exerts more pressure on the land than cold air.
Question 23.23. Which of the following best describes the thermosphere?
(Points : 5)
The atmosphere is so thin that gas molecules rarely contact each other.
Heavier gases such as hydrogen and helium stay at the bottom of the thermosphere.
The thermosphere sits directly below the troposphere.
Lighter gases such as nitrogen and oxygen rise to the top of the thermosphere.
Question 24.24. Tomorrow will be sunny with high clouds. What does this statement describe?
(Points : 5)
the climate in an area
the air circulation in an area
the jet streams
the weather in an area
Question 25.25. Which of the following is one of the defining features of a hurricane?
low pressure
high pressure
rapid snowfall
funnel cloud
(Points : 5)

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