QUT Accounting Worksheet

Description

3 attachmentsSlide 1 of 3attachment_1attachment_1attachment_2attachment_2attachment_3attachment_3

Unformatted Attachment Preview

Tutorial 11 2021
Chapter 15: Integrated Production Processes
There will be a tutorial to develop your ability to apply the framework and principles we have
studied in this module to an Inventory system you might encounter in practice (e.g., in
MYOB). The goal you should seek to attain by the end of this tutorial is to feel confident that
you can analyse and evaluate any inventory system you confront using the concepts we have
learned.
During the tutorial, we will discuss your answers to the questions below. The purpose of
these questions is to allow you to gain practice at applying the concepts you have learned in
the reading and the lecture slides, and to test your understanding of these concepts. Please
attempt to complete these questions before attending the tutorial.
Let’s begin by looking at the Inventory system provided within MYOB, and in particular at
the reports provided by that system. Questions 1-4 below are going lead us through the
construction of a large matrix that will facilitate the analysis and evaluation of the
information that the MYOB Inventory system can provide to managers. The matrix will be
constructed according to the principles and concepts of our framework. Let’s begin by
orienting your paper to landscape and creating a matrix that consists of 15 rows and 17
columns.
1.
The headings for columns 1 and 2 respectively are “Report” and “Description”. Go to
the Reports in MYOB for the Inventory system. List each report name in the “Report”
column. For each report, provide in the “Description” column a one-line description of
the information provided by the report.
2.
The next five columns refer to components only. The columns should be headed
respectively – “Resources”, “Events”, “Ext. Agents”, “Int. Agents”, and “Locations”.
For each of the reports, examine them to see if they refer to any of these components in
the Inventory system. Place a tick in the matrix cell if the report provides information
for that particular component.
3.
The remaining ten columns refer to types, subsystems, and the system itself. Types
require five columns headed “Resources”, “Events”, “Ext. Agents”, “Int. Agents”, and
“Locations”. Subsystems required are “Requisitioning”, “Receiving”, “Storage”, and
“Dispatching”. Finally, the system column refers to the overall Inventory system.
Again, for each of the reports, examine them quickly and where they provide
information on one (or more) of the types, subsystems, and/or system place a tick in the
appropriate matrix cell(s).
4.
From your matrix analysis, briefly evaluate the MYOB Inventory system in terms of its
ability to provide information to managers working at different levels of responsibility
with the system.
5.
Discuss how the inventory process supports the production planning process and the risks
to the production process if inventory process control goals are not achieved. Do not limit your
discussion to losses from fraud.
6.
Based on the inventory control process goals described in chapter 15 (p. 605), explain
the impact of using a periodic inventory process instead of a perpetual process. Be
sure to also discuss how you would design the process to attempt to meet the same
control objectives using this periodic process.
Tutorial 6 2022
There will be a tutorial to develop your ability to apply the concepts we have studied in
this module to problems you might encounter in practice. The goal you should seek to
attain by the end of the tutorial is to feel confident that you can describe clearly and
precisely management’s responsibility in relation to organisational systems, the nature
of laws in systems, the nature of threats, the nature of controls, and the nature of
exposures. You should also feel confident that you can apply these concepts to an
analysis of the threats, controls, and exposures that exist in some simple real-world
and business information systems.
During the tutorial, we will discuss your answers to the six questions below. The
purpose of these questions is to allow you to gain practice at applying the concepts
you studied in this module. Please complete these questions before attending the
tutorial.
1. You have been promoted to the position of marketing manager in your firm, the
supplier of a wide range of office equipment. As the marketing manager, formulate
(using the framework from the lecture) five key questions you will seek to answer with
information from your OE/S system? Please briefly justify your answers.
………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………….
2. There are some customers your firm does not supply and has taken steps to
ensure that their orders will be rejected at the order-validating step of the ordering
process. Briefly describe three reasons you may want to reject a customer’s order,
even though they have a good credit history.
………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………….
3.
Each of the following questions concerns the control matrix for the OE/S process
(Figure 10.13, pp. 384-385) and its related annotated systems flowchart (Figure 10.11,
pg. 381):
1. What three effectiveness goals does the matrix show?
2. In this process, what particular resources do we want to secure?
3. What are the two data inputs in this system?
4. What constitutes a valid sales order? A valid shipping notice?
4. The following is a list of five control plans from this chapter or from Chapter 9.
Control plans:
A. Digital signature
B. Manually reconcile batch totals
C. Preformatted screens
D. One-for-one checking of the goods, picking tickets and sales order
E. Independent shipping authorization
F. Turn around document
Control goals and system deficiencies
In reviewing the shipping document controls, the internal auditors
at Treamore Company think they found the potential for fraudulent
activity. The process appears to allow warehouse employees to ship
goods without proper authorization.
Central Incorporated’s customers send orders over the internet.
Central is concerned that some of the orders are fraudulent.
Landon, Inc. customers are complaining that they are not receiving
the correct items and quantities that they ordered.
Zagreb, Inc. receives sales order on its Web server. Several times
each day these are downloaded to the order entry and sales system.
During the download process several line items are lost.
When goods arrive at Toronto Company’s warehouse, the shipping
clerk keys in the sales order number to retrieve the sales order.
Often, the clerk keys the sales order number incorrectly and the
wrong sales order is displayed.
Control Plans
5.
When you have finished the exercises above, make some brief notes on any
problems you encountered when completing them. Use these notes as a basis for
questions you ask and discussions you initiate in the tutorial. By the end of the
tutorial, please be sure that you feel you would be able to overcome the
problems you encountered as you undertook the exercises.
BISM2206: ACCOUNTING INFORMATION
and SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS
LECTURE 2: Business Process Management (BPM) &
Documenting Information Systems
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Our Objectives in This Session
•
•
•
•
Understand the nature and purpose of BPM.
Understand the Principles of BPM.
Understand how BPM can help improve business processes.
Describe the major stages of BPM
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Business Process Definition
• A process is the self-contained, temporal and logical order (parallel and/or
serial) of those activities, that are executed for the transformation of an
business object with the goal of accomplishing a given task.
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
What is BPM?
• Business Process Management is a structured, coherent and consistent way
of understanding, documenting, modelling, analysing, simulating, executing,
measuring and continuously changing end-to-end business processes and all
involved resources in light of their contribution to business improvement.
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
BPM:
• Is itself a process: a process of ensuring continued improvement of an
organisation’s performance
• Minor adjustments with continual review
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Why do BPM?
• Organisations are a collection of processes.
• Processes reflect time, cost, quality.
• Processes reflect products and services.
• Processes reflect customer orientation.
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Why do BPM?
• Processes reflect flexibility.
• Processes reflect complexity.
• Processes reflect working styles and culture.
• The performance relies on business processes.
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
The Status of BPM in Australia
• Dedicated BPM responsibilities
• Centralisation of tools and methodologies
• Local and national BPM Communities of Practices
• BPM-focused consulting companies
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Purposes of BPM
Compliance /
Process
Improvement Risk Management
Process
Documentation
Knowledge
Management/
Training
Enterprise
Systems
Process Cost
Analysis
SOA
Enterprise
Architecture
Simulation
Workflow/
Document
Management
Software
Evaluation/
Selection
CRICOS code 00025B
BPM Principles
30 May 2022
Principle #1
•
Business change must be performance driven
–
All change must be based on performance measurement
–
The measurement indicators will depend on industry and on company
strategy
–
Not just based on financial numbers
–
E.g., Balanced Scorecard
“How can we evaluate what we are doing and how we are doing it?”
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Principle #2
•
•
Business change must be stakeholder based
–
Who is a stakeholder?
–
E.g., customer, owner, staff, suppliers
Recognise that the organisation does not exist for its own purposes – it
must serve a larger community
“Who cares about what we are doing and how we are doing it?”
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Principle #3
• Business change decisions must be traceable to the stakeholder criteria
• Important, intuitive, but often ignored or abused
• Personal & political agendas
• Requires agreement on stakeholder criteria
“Why should we make the choices that we make?”
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Principle #4
•
The business must be segmented along business process lines to
synchronise change
–
Process is a prime segmentation strategy internal to organisations and
among organisations (i.e. network, virtual)
–
Can’t restructure functional units alone
–
Must focus on entire processes
–
Often focus is on core processes
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Principle #5
•
Business processes must be managed holistically
–
Appoint process owners to take responsibility for the entire process
–
People with an overall view of the process, not just a portion of the
process
–
Ensure continual process performance
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Principle #6
•
Process renewal initiatives must inspire shared insight
–
Relies heavily on gathering information, gaining understanding, and
arriving at innovative approaches and designs for change
–
Working closely with experts accelerates the learning curve
–
Foster learning
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Principle #7
•
Process renewal initiatives must be conducted from the outside in
–
Managing multiple levels of details is the biggest risk
–
Everything should be understood at its own level, starting from the top
down
–
So, look at bigger picture first, then try to understand the smaller
components
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Principle #8
• Process renewal initiatives must be conducted in an iterative, time-boxed
approach
– Learn → Create Something → Review it → Plan the next cycle
– Assumes that you don’t know everything in advance
– Similar to knowledge creation, prototyping (software), research
– Assumes that you will get it wrong before you get it right
– Done in a specified/constrained amount of time
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Principle #9
• Business change is all about people
– Not just converting procedures or technology or data; converting people
into enthusiastic supporters and participants, in order to gain competitive
advantage
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Principle #10
• Business change is a journey, not a destination
– BPR emphasised major change but little ongoing management and
improvement; this may be fine for a very stable market place
– “whatever we do, no matter how right, will be short-lived and have to
change anyway”
– So, BPR by itself doesn’t work
CRICOS code 00025B
BISM2206: ACCOUNTING INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
Documenting Information Systems
30 May 2022
Our Objectives in This Session
• Learn some major ways of documenting information systems
• Learn how to read and prepare data flow diagrams
• Learn how to read and prepare systems flowcharts
• Learn how to read entity-relationship diagrams
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Why Document via Diagrams?
• We need to be able to describe a system
– to assist with development
– to assist with use
– to assist with maintenance
• Diagrams provide a concise, semi-formal way of describing
a system
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Important Types of Diagrammatic Documentation
• Systems flowcharts
• Data flow diagrams
– logical data flow diagrams
– physical data flow diagrams
• Entity-relationship diagrams
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Systems Flowcharts
• Systems flowcharts provide a graphical representation of the information
system and the related operations (real-world) system associated with the
information system.
• Systems flowcharts present a picture of the who, what, how, and where of the
information and operations
(real-world) processes.
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
System Flowchart Symbols I
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
System Flowchart Symbols II
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Common Flowchart Routines I
• The following slides show several common ways of showing processing
using system flowcharting.
• Pay particular attention to the way the columns are set up to communicate
the flow of activities between processing entities.
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Common Flowchart Routines II
Update sequential
data store
Enter document into
computer via
keyboard, edit input,
record input
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Common Flowchart Routines III
Preparation and later manual
reconciliation of control totals
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Common Flowchart Routines IV
Enter document into computer using scanner
Enter document into computer using scanner
and manual keying
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Data Flow Diagram Symbols
Bubble: stands for a process
or entity (thing)
Data flow: stands for a pathway
that data traverses
External Entity: stands for a
process or entity (thing) outside
the system
Data store: stands for a file
or database
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Context Diagrams – I
• The context diagram is a top-level, least-detailed diagram of an information
system
• Provides the system’s context in relation to the data flows
– into and out of the system
– into and out of the external
entities
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Context Diagrams – II
• External entities:
– entities outside our system that send data to, or receive data from, our
system.
• Context diagram terms:
–
boundary
environment
relevant environment
interface
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Context Diagrams – III
• Boundary: The border between the “system of interest” and the system’s
environment.
• Environment: All that surrounds a system. (Things outside the system that
are coupled to things inside the system.)
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Context Diagrams – IV
• Relevant environment: That part of the environment that affects the “system
of interest” as the system is defined.
• Interface: A flow (coupling) connecting a system with
that system’s environment.
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Example Context Diagram
Order
Customer
Order
Entry
Open order
Order confirmation
Warehouse
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Physical Data Flow Diagrams
• Describes graphically the system’s internal and external entities (things), and
the data flows into and out of these entities
• Depicts where, how, and by whom
a system’s processes are
accomplished
• Do not indicate what was done
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Example Physical Data Flow Diagram
Order
Customer
Order
Clerk
Open order
Order confirmation
Warehouse
clerk
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Logical Data Flow Diagrams – I
• Represent the system’s processes, and the flows of data into and out of
those processes.
• What tasks are being accomplished is the domain of the logical data flow
diagram.
• While the “where, how, and by whom”
of a process may change over time,
the “what” remains relatively constant.
For example, think about purchasing
from a bricks and mortar store
versus purchasing online.
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Logical Data Flow Diagrams – II
• Logical data flow diagrams allow us to concentrate on the functions that a
system performs.
• Using both a physical data flow diagram and a logical data flow diagram
allows us to build a complete picture of the where, how, by whom, and what
of a system.
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Example Logical Data Flow Diagram
Customer File
2.0
Approve
Order
Customer
Order
1.0
Validate
Order
Open order
Warehouse
Order confirmation
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Concept of Balancing
• When two data flow diagrams have equivalent external data flows, they are
said to be balanced. Only balanced sets of data flow diagrams are correct.
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Example of Balancing
External
entity
External
entity
A
1.0
Process
A
C
Context
Process
B
External
entity
2.0
Process
B
Database
D
External
entity
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Reading Entity-Relationship Diagrams – I
• When developing information systems two concurrent and often inseparable
development processes occur.
– Development of the system’s functions
– Development of the database
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Reading Entity-Relationship Diagrams – II
• Database specifications are depicted using entity-relationship diagrams
– It is important to develop a logical model of the data prior to the system’s
physical design and implementation.
– Entities are represented by rectangles and diamonds represents the
relationships. Thus, we can effectively illustrate the relationships that exist
between the various entities
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Entity-Relationship Diagrams
Person
M
1
has
owns
N
Car
Person can own multiple cars
Car can be owned by multiple persons
Person can have multiple licences
Licence can be owned by only one person
N
Licence
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Review
• Learned some major ways
of documenting information systems
• Learned how to read and prepare data flow diagrams
• Learned how to read and prepare systems flowcharts
• Learned how to read entity-relationship diagrams
CRICOS code 00025B
30 May 2022
Next Week……
• IT Governance and Business Process Management Notation
CRICOS code 00025B

Purchase answer to see full
attachment

Explanation & Answer:
10 Pages

Tags:
business

accounting

finance

User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool’s honor code & terms of service.