SUNY at Buffalo Environmental History Discussion

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Please type your answer after the red word ANSWER so that your answer also appears
in red font so it is easier for me to grade. The number (in parenthesis) before the
question number indicates how many points each question is worth – for a total of 133
points.
Go to this report from Environmental Working Group – an ad will pop-up asking you to
sign the pledge – just look in the bottom right corner and click on the words to continue
ahead to the report without signing the pledge.
http://www.ewg.org/meateatersguide/a-meat-eaters-guide-to-climate-change-healthwhat-you-eat-matters/climate-and-environmental-impacts/
Answer these questions in a numbered list – or type in your answer below each
question.
(5) 1. Looking at the first graph in this article, which high protein food has the highest
CO2e emissions per kilogram of consumed food?
ANSWER:
(8) 2. Compare lamb to dry beans. Lamb total CO2e emissions are ____ times higher
than beans. SHOW YOUR MATH:
(5) 3. Look at potatoes. Are the majority of the emissions from production or “post
farmgate”?
ANSWER:
(8) 4. What does “Post farmgate” mean / include?
ANSWER:
(8) 5. Look at the second graph – Figure 2 and read the paragraph above it. What is
the single highest source of emissions in beef production? (ONLY the tallest beef bar
on graph)
ANSWER:
(8) 6. What are “enteric CH4 emissions”? (from paragraph above Figure 2)
ANSWER:
(4) 7. Does chicken production have “enteric methane emissions” ? (Graph, Figure 2)
ANSWER:
(5) 8. Second graph – Figure 2 – what is the second highest source of emissions from
beef production? (Second tallest beef bar)
ANSWER:
(10) 9. What is the specific greenhouse gas that is emitted from your answer to #8?
(from paragraph above Fig 2)
ANSWER:
Global Warming Potential (GWP) is a measurement of how much heat a greenhouse
gas traps in the atmosphere, as compared to carbon dioxide (CO2). If a greenhouse
gas “X” has a GWP of 10, that means it traps 10 times as much heat as carbon dioxide
(CO2) OR one ton of “X” traps as much heat as 10 tons of CO2.
GWP can be measured over different time horizons because different greenhouses
gases have different lifetimes (or they remain in the atmosphere for different periods of
time). The greenhouse gas footprint of greenhouse gases are expressed as tons
“CO2e” or “CO2 equivalents”, so you can compare one greenhouse gas to another,
using CO2 as the unit of measurement.
Look at the table below (from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming_potential )
and answer questions 11-18 below.
GWP values and lifetimes from 2013 IPCC
AR5 p714 (with climate-carbon feedbacks)[7]
Lifetime (years)
Methane
GWP time
horizon
20
years
100
years
12.4
86
34
HFC-134a (hydrofluorocarbon)
13.4
3790
1550
CFC-11 (chlorofluorocarbon)
45.0
7020
5350
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
121.0
268
298
Carbon tetrafluoride (CF4)
50000
4950
7350
(8) 10. What is the GWP of carbon dioxide (CO2)? (google it if you cannot figure it out
from the paragraph above this chart.)
ANSWER:
(5) 11. What is the GWP of methane on a 20-year time horizon? ANSWER:
(5) 12. What is the lifetime of methane? (include time frame – days? Weeks?)
ANSWER:
(5) 13. What is the GWP of nitrous oxide on a 100-year time horizon? ANSWER:
(5) 14. What is the lifetime of nitrous oxide? ANSWER:
(5) 15. What is the GWP of carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) on a 100-year time horizon?
ANSWER:
(5) 16. What is the lifetime of CF4? ANSWER:
Go to Wikipedia.org and look up CF4 – it will bring it up by a different name –
“Tetrafluoromethane.” Scroll down and read ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS.
(5) 17. The main industrial emissions of CF4 are produced during the production of
what?
ANSWER:
(5) 18. CF4 is produced during the production of virgin metal, but NOT from the
recycling of cans. Now think about it, and state two very specific reasons why making
cans from virgin metal is so much worse for Earth’s climate than making cans from
recycled metal. (These two reasons can be found in your answers above, it bears
repeating.)
ANSWER:
(3) 19. How will this new knowledge (from #17 and 18 above) change your behavior
concerning using aluminum cans and recycling aluminum cans?
ANSWER:
(3) 20. Do you think the national government should pass a law outlawing the
production of aluminum cans from virgin metal and only allowing the production of new
cans from recycled aluminum? WHY or Why not?
ANSWER:
(2) 21. Carbon tetrafluoride ( CF4 ) is produced during the production of new aluminum,
but NOT from the recycling of aluminum cans. What is the GWP (on 100 year
timeframe) AND the lifetime of CF4?
ANSWER:
READ Recycling Aluminum (How many times can an aluminum can be recycled?)
https://www.thoughtco.com/the-benefits-of-aluminum-recycling-1204138
(1) 22. How many aluminum cans are sold in US each year?
ANSWER:
(1) 23. How many of those are recycled?
ANSWER:
(2) 24. “Although aluminum cans represent only 1.4% of a ton of garbage by weight,
according to the Container Recycling Institute, they account for _____ % of the
greenhouse gas impacts associated with replacing an average ton of garbage with new
products made from virgin materials.”
ANSWER:
(1) 25. How many times can an aluminum can be recycled?
ANSWER:
(2) 26. “Recycling aluminum saves _____ % of the energy needed to make aluminum
from bauxite ore.”
ANSWER:
(1) 27. “With the energy it takes to make just one new aluminum can from bauxite ore,
you can make _____ recycled aluminum cans.”
ANSWER:
(3) 28. “One simple and effective way to increase aluminum recycling is for
governments to require consumers to pay a refundable deposit on all beverage
containers sold in their jurisdictions. U.S. states that have container deposit laws (or
“bottle bills”) recycle between __________ % of all aluminum cans sold. States without
deposit laws only recycle about ____ % of their aluminum cans.
ANSWER:
(3) 29. Now – How will this new knowledge (from #22 – 28 above) change your behavior
concerning using aluminum cans and recycling aluminum cans?
ANSWER:
(2) 30. Now do you think the national government should pass a law outlawing the
production of aluminum cans from virgin metal and only allowing the production of new
cans from recycled aluminum? WHY or Why not?
ANSWER:

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